Mustafa \u0130brahim Amin Zalmi, modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen K\u00fcrt \u0130slam alim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden biridir. Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi'nin Halabja b\u00f6lgesindeki Hurmal il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Zalmi k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Resmi kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015ftur, ancak baz\u0131 yerel kaynaklar daha farkl\u0131 bir tarihte do\u011fdu\u011funu belirtmektedir. Klasik bir dini ortamda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve bu ortam, erken ya\u015flardan itibaren din e\u011fitimi alma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bilimsel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalmi, e\u011fitimine K\u00fcrdistan'daki din derslerinde ba\u015flad\u0131 ve dilbilgisi, deyim, psikoloji ve mant\u0131k gibi temel din ve dilbilim bilimlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra f\u0131k\u0131h ve ilkelerini okudu; ayr\u0131ca felsefe ve baz\u0131 entelekt\u00fcel bilimler alan\u0131nda da derinlemesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. Aralar\u0131nda Molla Arif Ber, Molla Bak\u0131r Balk, Molla Hama Amin, Molla Abd\u00fclkerim M\u00fcderis ve daha bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt aliminin yan\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren e\u011fitimden sonra, 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nemde yayg\u0131n bir yeterlilik olan ve kendisine ders verme ve fetva verme yetkisi veren lisans\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lisans\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Zalmi, camilerde ve dini okullarda \u015eeriat ve dilbilim dersleri vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu alanda 1972 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Irak ordusunda vaiz ve hatip olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131 ve bu da ona toplumun farkl\u0131 kesimleriyle do\u011frudan temas kurma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalmi, s\u0131n\u0131fta ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti, yeni akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara y\u00f6neldi, d\u0131\u015f s\u0131navlara kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve ilkokul ile ortaokulu tamamlad\u0131, ard\u0131ndan 1959'da Ba\u011fdat'ta liseyi ba\u015far\u0131yla bitirdi. 1960'ta Ba\u011fdat \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi'ne girdi ve 1965'te hukuk lisans diplomas\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Daha sonra y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimine devam etti ve 1969'da Ba\u011fdat \u00dcniversitesi'nden \u0130slam hukuku alan\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans, 1971'de El-Azhar \u00dcniversitesi'nden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 hukuk alan\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans ve 1971'de Kahire \u00dcniversitesi'nden hukuk alan\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00fcksek lisans derecesi ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda El-Azhar \u00dcniversitesi'nden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 hukuk alan\u0131nda fahri doktora unvan\u0131 ald\u0131; bu, uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi en y\u00fcksek akademik derecelerden biriydi. Uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat \u00dcniversitesi'nden onur derecesiyle hukuk alan\u0131nda bir doktora daha alarak, hayat\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerine kadar bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve kendini geli\u015ftirmeye olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalmi, 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcniversitede \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 2008 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam etti. \u00c7e\u015fitli bilimsel dereceler alarak Profesyonel \u00d6\u011fretmen (P) unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u015eeriat, hukuk ve felsefe alanlar\u0131nda 100'den fazla y\u00fcksek lisans ve doktora tezine dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapt\u0131 ve bir nesil ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve akademisyenin e\u011fitimine katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kendisi, \u0130slam hukukunda sosyal geli\u015fim, me\u015fruiyet ilkeleri, cezai sorumluluk ilkeleri, su\u00e7un ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmesi ilkeleri, \u0130slam'da manevi enerji ve medeniyet, \u0130slami mevzuat, Irak ki\u015fisel stat\u00fc hukuku \u00fczerine notlar, \u015feriat ve hukukta insan geneti\u011finin ele al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u015feriat ve hukuk aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki ve \u015feriat ile farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin hukuki s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, hukuk, ilkeler, hukuk ve felsefenin \u00e7e\u015fitli konular\u0131nda k\u0131rktan fazla bilimsel makale yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ek olarak, Zalmi \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitap yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; eserleri 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda "(\u015eeriat ve Hukukta Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131)" adl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir derlemede yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olup, elli kitaptan olu\u015fmakta ve yirmi d\u00f6rt cilde b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu derleme, f\u0131k\u0131h ilkeleri, hukuk\u00e7ular aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri, metinlere at\u0131flar, uyum teorisi, cezai sorumluluk, hukuk felsefesi, ki\u015fisel stat\u00fc, evlilik ve bo\u015fanma kanunlar\u0131 gibi geni\u015f bir konu yelpazesini kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalmi, ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00f6nceki \u00e2limlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini oldu\u011fu gibi kabul etmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131 bilimsel bir y\u00f6ntemle, me\u015fru ve rasyonel kan\u0131tlara dayanarak tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ele\u015ftirmi\u015f ve yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. \u0130slam hukukunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f geli\u015fmelere ayak uydurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yenilenmesi gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015f, hukukun yeni, dinamik ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f sosyal ve hukuki zorluklara yan\u0131t verebilecek nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini cesurca ifade etmesi, hassas konular\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u015eeriat metinlerini ve niyetlerini derinlemesine anlayarak bu konularda yeni i\u00e7tihatlar sunmas\u0131yla da tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Dini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yenilemek i\u00e7in i\u00e7tihat\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funa ve k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne taklitin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin durgunla\u015fmas\u0131na ve toplumlar\u0131n geri kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalmi, Irak Medeni Kanunu, Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu \u0130lkeleri ve Irak Anayasas\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 kanunlar\u0131n revize edilmesi ve tasar\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuk ve anayasa komitelerinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Sosyologlar Konferans\u0131, Hukuk ve T\u0131p Konferanslar\u0131 ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konferanslar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere Irak i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bilimsel konferansa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalmi, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok \u00f6d\u00fcl ve onur alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bunlar aras\u0131nda 1985'te Ba\u011fdat \u00dcniversitesi \u00dcst\u00fcn \u00d6\u011fretmen \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, 1993'te Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dcst\u00fcn \u00d6\u011fretmen \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, 1993'te Bilimsel \u00dcr\u00fcn \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc ve Nahrin \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, bilimsel \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n takdir edilmesi amac\u0131yla 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erbil'deki Salahaddin \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan fahri doktora unvan\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u015fisel d\u00fczeyde Zalmi, m\u00fctevaz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sadeli\u011fi, \u00f6\u011frencilerine ve halka olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilime olan sevgisi ve bilgiyi yayma gayretiyle tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca herhangi bir siyasi veya dini partiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine sahipti ve ele\u015ftirilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ve duru\u015funu korudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u015fili\u011fi, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndaki titizli\u011fi, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve kaynaklar\u0131n do\u011frulanmas\u0131na olan g\u00fcveni ve kapsaml\u0131 ve derinlemesine kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sunma kayg\u0131s\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Ki\u015fili\u011finde dini \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birle\u015ftirmesi, onu \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f K\u00fcrt \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin e\u015fsiz bir \u00f6rne\u011fi haline getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mustafa \u0130brahim Amin Zalmi, 4 Haziran 2016 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc Erbil'de doksan bir ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti. Geride, halen zengin bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kayna\u011f\u0131 olan yaz\u0131lar\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bilimsel ve entelekt\u00fcel miras b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mustafa Zalmi'nin ki\u015fili\u011fi, onu di\u011fer bilim insanlar\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran bir dizi entelekt\u00fcel ve bilimsel \u00f6zellik ile karakterize edildi; bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fi ile yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara a\u00e7\u0131k olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini birle\u015ftiren ele\u015ftirel bilinci geliyordu. Bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, onu bilim alan\u0131nda aktif k\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00fcniversiteler i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda entelekt\u00fcel ve hukuk tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 zamanda, dini s\u00f6ylemin reformunu ve sa\u011flam delillere veya sa\u011fduyuya dayanmayan aktar\u0131lan yorumlar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmas\u0131nda yans\u0131yan net bir rasyonel vizyona sahipti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, insan hukukunun s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekti\u011finden, i\u00e7tihat\u0131 s\u00fcrekli savunmas\u0131 ve kat\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddetmesi \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden bir di\u011feri de \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmas\u0131yd\u0131; toplumun farkl\u0131 kesimleri aras\u0131nda birlikte ya\u015fama ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc de\u011ferlerini peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve \u0130slam'\u0131n merhamet ve adaleti gerektirdi\u011fini, kimlikten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6zellikle yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 hukuk konular\u0131nda kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n savunucular\u0131ndan biriydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yenilik\u00e7ilik, ki\u015fili\u011finin en \u00f6nemli boyutlar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, \u015eeriat\u0131n temel ilkeleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ama\u00e7lar\u0131 temelinde, f\u0131k\u0131h\u0131 klasik ve kapal\u0131 dini durgunluktan kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok f\u0131k\u0131h g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ko\u015fullara uygun yeni i\u00e7tihatlar sunmu\u015f ve f\u0131k\u0131h ilkeleri ilmini yeni yollar ve d\u00fczenlemelerle geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 zamanda, kan\u0131tlar\u0131 dikkatlice incelemesi, kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermesi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam bir bilimsel temele oturtmas\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bilimsel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Dikkatli belgeleme ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir akademik de\u011fere sahip k\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u015fili\u011finin ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve tutum ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131; zira hi\u00e7bir siyasi veya dini partiyi takip etmedi, hatta yayg\u0131n e\u011filime ayk\u0131r\u0131 olsa bile kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini korudu. Bilimsel konularda tavizsiz oldu\u011fu ve do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylere ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 zamanda, hassas konular\u0131 ele al\u0131rken ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f f\u0131k\u0131h meseleleri hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri gibi cesur i\u00e7tihatlar sunarken sergiledi\u011fi cesur g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle de tan\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kimlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Zalmi, K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini kendi \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birle\u015ftirmesi ve aralar\u0131nda denge ve \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7evesi bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle, K\u00fcrt ve \u0130slami kimli\u011fin kayna\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n temsili bir \u00f6rne\u011fiydi. Bu vizyonuyla, ulusal davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korurken \u0130slami d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin zenginle\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulundu ve adalet ve insanl\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini haklar talep etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu \u00f6zelliklerin bir araya gelmesi, Mustafa Zalmi'yi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f K\u00fcrt \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin en \u00f6nde gelen sembollerinden biri haline getiren e\u015fsiz bir bilimsel ve entelekt\u00fcel ki\u015fili\u011fin karakterini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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